What does a pilot typically monitor to maintain accurate navigation?

A pilot typically monitors multiple sources of information to ensure accurate navigation, making "all of the above" the most comprehensive and correct choice.

Using the Global Positioning System (GPS) provides real-time positional data, which is critical for accurate navigation. Engine performance is also monitored since it impacts the aircraft's ability to maintain intended flight paths and speeds.

Chart symbology helps pilots understand the layout of the airspace, including navigational aids, airways, and terrain features, while instructions from air traffic control offer up-to-date guidance on safe navigation paths and traffic avoidance.

The heading indicator provides information on the aircraft’s current direction, while wind direction is crucial for compensating drift and maintaining the desired track. All these elements work together to enable pilots to navigate effectively and safely in varying situations.